CaseCiter

Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam v. P.H. Dinesh 2025 INSC 1224 - Karur Stampede - CBI Investigation

Constitution of India - Article 32,226 - CBI Investigation -Fair investigation is the right of a citizen- There are no inflexible guidelines to decide whether or not such power should be exercised. The CBI investigation ought not to be directed in a routine manner or where a party has

Code Of Criminal Procedure

Rahul Agarwal vs State of West Bengal 2025 INSC 1223 - Voice Sample Of Witness

Constitution of India - Article 20(3) ; Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023- Section 349 -Whether the direction in Ritesh Sinha enabling the Magistrate to pass an order directing the accused to provide a voice sample would apply in the case of a witness ? SC held: Despite absence of explicit provisions

Land Acquisition Act 1894

State of West Bengal vs Santi Ceramics Pvt. Limited 2025 INSC 1222 - Land Acquisition Act

Land Acquisition Act 1894 - Orders quashing acquisition proceedings may operate either in personam or in rem. Where the Court quashes acquisition on grounds personal to individual objectors—such as vitiated consideration of their specific objections under Section 5-A—the relief operates in personam and benefits only those parties who

Motor Accident Compensation

Sharad Singh (D) v. H. D. Narang 2025 INSC 1164 - Motor Accident Compensation - Minimum Wages

Motor Accident Compensation - Minimum wages cannot be determined on the basis of the educational qualification alone without reference to the nature of work carried on (Para 5) -While allowing appeal, SC observed: Even if he had not obtained the certificate as a Chartered Accountant, upon graduation, he could have

Motor Accident Compensation

Rama Bai vs Amit Minerals 2025 INSC 1162 - Motor Accident Compensation - Pay & Recover

Motor Accident Compensation - High Court enhanced the compensation payable to the claimant and absolved Insurance Company from the liability to pay the amount, fastening the same on driver and the owner respectively. Allowing appeal, SC held:on the date of accident, the driver had no valid license and the

Armed Forces Tribunal

S.K. Jain vs Union of India 2025 INSC 1215 - AFT - Army Act - Court Martial

Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007 - Section 15(6) -Tribunal is empowered to substitute the finding of Court Martial which includes the disciplinary proceedings under the Act and also to interfere with the sentence if the same is found to be excessive, illegal or unjust and to mitigate the punishment

Public Appointments

Ravi Oraon vs State of Jharkhand 2025 INSC 1212 - Jharkhand Primary School Teacher Appointment Rules- Natural Justice

Jharkhand Primary School Teacher Appointment Rules, 2012 - Rule 4,21- The procedure that Rule 21 enshrined is only to be used for the purpose of preparation of merit list and Rule 4 does not provide for exclusion of marks secured in the vocational subject (Para 36) - Marks secured

Criminal Trial

Chikkegowda vs State of Karnataka 2025 INSC 1213 - Ocular vs Medical Evidence

Criminal Trial - If there is a conflict in the ocular testimony and the medical testimony/evidence, it is the ocular evidence which will prevail unless found to be totally unreliable. (Para 23) Case Info * Case name: Sri Chikkegowda & Ors. v. State of Karnataka Etc. * Neutral citation: 2025 INSC

Legal Doctrines & Maxims

Prem Aggarwal v. Mohan Singh 2025 INSC 1214 - Actus Curiae Neminem Gravabit

Legal Maxim - Actus curiae neminem gravabit- The act of the Court shall prejudice no one- It is founded on the equitable notion that no party should suffer owing to an error, delay, or inadvertence attributable to the Court itself. The Court, acting as in appendage of justice, cannot permit

Juvenile Justice Act

Hansraj v. State of U.P 2025 INSC 1211 - Juvenile Justice

Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000- JJ Act, 2000 would be applicable to any proceeding which is pending before any Court/Authority initiated under the 1986 Act and pending when the JJ Act, 2000 came into force. [Context: In this case, SC held: Since there is no

Negotiable Instruments Act

Sankar Padam Thapa v. Vijaykumar Dineshchandra Agarwal 2025 INSC 1210 - S.138 NI Act - Trustees

💡Whether without making a Trust an accused, a complaint would be maintainable against a Trustee in the eye of law under the NI Act? Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 - Section 138 - When a cause of action arises due to an alleged dishonour of cheque and a complaint is initiated

Surrogacy (Regulation) Act

Arun Muthuvel ,Vijaya Kumari S vs Union of India 2025 INSC 1209 - Surrogacy (Regulation) Act

Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021- Section 4(iii)(c)(I) -For intending couples who undertook surrogacy procedures prior to the Act, age-related considerations were entirely their prerogative and as explained earlier, an exercise of their rights under Article 21 of the Constitution (Para 13.9)- If an intending couple had

Criminal Trial

Nilesh Baburao Gitte v. State of Maharashtra 2025 INSC 1191 - Criminal Trial - S.106 Evidence Act

Criminal Trial - A document produced by the prosecution as part of the chargesheet pursuant to the investigation though not exhibited can be relied upon by the defence. (Para 35) Circumstantial Evidence - Five golden principles to be kept in mind while appreciating a case based on circumstantial evidence- Referred

Taxation

Aristo Printers Pvt. Ltd. v. Commissioner of Trade Tax 2025 INSC 1188 - Art. 366 Constitution - Works Contract Taxation

Constitution of India - Article 366- Taxation of goods transferred under works contracts - Position of law after the enactment of the Forty-sixth Amendment of Constitution: a. Vide Article 366(29-A)(b), the States can only tax the transfer of property in goods (whether as goods or in some other

Miscellaneous

Juvenile X v. State of U.P. - Sex Education To Young Children

Sex Education - Sex education should be provided to the children from a younger age and not class IX onwards. It is for the authorities concerned to apply their mind and take corrective measures, so that children are informed of the changes that happen after puberty and the care and

Constitutional Law

Rejanish KV vs K Deepa 2025 INSC 1208 - Art. 233 Constitution - District Judge Recruitment - Judicial Officers

Constitution of India - Article 233- Judicial Officers who have already completed seven years in Bar before they were recruited in the subordinate judicial service would be entitled for being appointed as a District Judge/Additional District Judge in the selection process for the post of District Judges in the

Constitutional Law

Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority v. Dr. Kamala Selvaraj 2025 INSC 1200 - Art. 136 Constitution

Constitution of India - Article 136 - In the exercise of jurisdiction under Article 136, interference is warranted only where manifest illegality, perversity, or grave miscarriage of justice is demonstrated. (Para 20) Case Info Key Details * Case name: Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority v. Dr. Kamala Selvaraj. * Neutral citation: 2025 INSC

Indian Railways Act

Rajni vs Union of India and Another 2025 INSC 1201- S.124A Railways Act - Bona Fide Travel

Railways Act, 1989:- Section 124A - Where an official railway inquiry or evidentiary record verifies the issuance of a ticket corresponding to the date and route of an untoward incident, such verification shall constitute prima facie proof of bona fide travel, shifting the evidentiary burden on the Railway Administration.

Electricity Act

Mahaveer v. State of Maharashtra 2025 INSC 1206 -Electricity Act -Theft Of Electricity

Indian Electricity Act, 1910 - Section 39 -For the presumption against the consumer to take effect, it must be proved that an artificial means or a means not authorised by the licensee had been used in committing the theft. In other words, the presumption is not of automatic application, and

Indian Stamp Act

Godwin Construction Pvt. Ltd. vs Commissioner, Meerut Division 2025 INSC 1207 - Stamp Act - Contract Act - Guarantee

Indian Stamp Act, 1899 - Article 57 of Schedule 1-B ; Indian Contract Act, 1872 -Section 126 - The first limb covers security bond or mortgage deed executed by way of security for the due execution of office, or to account for money or other properties received by virtue thereof. The

Code Of Civil Procedure

Anvita Auto Tech Works Pvt. Ltd. vs. Aroush Motors 2025 INSC 1202 -CPC - Non-Filing Written statement - Right To Cross Examine

Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (CPC) - Order VIII - Even when the defendant has not filed the Written statement, his right to cross-examine the plaintiff witnesses is not foreclosed - The purpose of cross-examination is to elicit the truth from the witness and impeach its credibility. When the WS

Motor Accident Compensation

Hind Samachar Ltd. vs National Insurance Company Ltd. 2025 INSC 1204 - Motor Accident Compensation- Driving Licence Verification

Motor Accident Compensation - High Court issued “pay and recover” directions in favour of the insurer and against the insured owner of the truck- Allowing appeal by owner, SC held: The owner of a vehicle employing a driver can only look at the licence produced by the person seeking employment

Code Of Criminal Procedure

State Of Rajasthan vs Parmeshwar Ramlal Joshi 2025 INSC 1205 - Criminal Court - Review Jurisdiction

Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 - Section 362,482 - [Section 403,528 BNSS] - A criminal Court has no power to recall or review its own judgment. The only permissible action is to correct or rectify clerical errors by virtue of Section 403 BNSS [Section 362 CrPC] The court

Criminal Trial

Dashwanth vs The State Of Tamil Nadu 2025 INSC 1203 - Death Sentence Acquittal - Constitutional Rights Of Accused To Defend Himself

Criminal Trial - The constitutional right afforded to an accused charged with an offence to defend himself is not illusory or imaginary. For the trial to be fair and reasonable, an effective opportunity to defend must be provided to the accused and representation by a counsel of choice is an

Miscellaneous

S. Rajaseekaran v. Union of India, 2025 INSC 1189 - Road Safety- Helmet Rule

Road Safety - Safe and encroachment free footpaths are very vital for movement of pedestrians. Therefore, NHAI, State Governments and Municipal authorities have a duty to ensure that footpaths are built in a proper manner and pedestrians are provided safe opportunities to cross the streets. Directions issued - State Governments,